Coins minted from 1999 to 2006 depicted only the EU15, rather than the entire European continent, which is on coins minted after 2007. The common side of the 10c, 20c and 50c coins currently depict the denomination on the right, the words 'EURO CENT' underneath it, with twelve stars and the European continent on the left. The common side of the 1c, 2c and 5c coins depict the denomination, the words 'EURO CENT' beside it, twelve stars and Europe highlighted on a globe in relation to Asia and Africa in the world. National designs have seen some changes due to a new rule stating that national designs should include the name of the issuing country. National designs were not allowed to change until the end of 2008, unless a monarch (whose portrait usually appears on the coins) dies or abdicates. There are specifications which apply to all coins such as the requirement of including twelve stars. The national sides were designed by the NCBs of the eurozone in separate competitions. The common side was designed by Luc Luycx of the Royal Belgian Mint. Coins from Italy, San Marino, the Vatican City, Austria and Portugal show the map if minted in 2008 or later. The remaining coins show the EU before its enlargement in May 2004 if minted before 1 January 2007, or a map of Europe if minted after. The 1c, 2c and 5c coins show Europe in relation to Asia and Africa in the world. There are eight different denominations of euro coins: 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, €1 and €2. Andorra started minting coins in 2014, so as of 2023 there are 24 countries with their own national sides. Slovenia joined the eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta joined in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, Lithuania in 2015 and Croatia in 2023, introducing eight more national-side designs. Īs the EU's membership has since expanded in 2004, 20, with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins from the value of 10c and above were redesigned in 2007 to show a new map. Cyprus did not independently issue a €2 commemorative coin until 2017. In 2012, the third eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating 10 years of euro coins and notes. In 2009, the second eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating ten years of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). By 2007, all states but France, Ireland and the Netherlands had minted a commemorative issue and the first eurozone-wide commemorative coin was issued to celebrate 50 years of the Treaty of Rome. In 2004, €2 commemorative coins were allowed to be minted in six states. In 2009 the Lisbon Treaty formalised its political authority, the Eurogroup, alongside the European Central Bank. It rapidly replaced the former national currencies and the eurozone has since expanded further to some newer EU states. In 1999, the currency was born virtually and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. The Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the United Kingdom and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with the euro). It had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999.
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